Cutting chatter is an important factor which restricts the development of NC machining to high precision and high flexibility. In this paper, a piezoelectric actuator which is used to control the cutting force and displacement between the turning tool and the work piece is designed，based on the FilteredX LMS adaptive filtering algorithm. The numerical simulation and the cutting experiments are carried out. The results show that the processing precision of the FilteredX LMS adaptive filtering algorithm to control the machining tool is obviously superior to that of the traditional cutting tool under the same cutting conditions. The FilteredX LMS could effectively reduce the tool vibration and verify the effectiveness of the control system, and has important significance to improve the machining accuracy of the lathe.