A novel type of protection and control device was put forward based on a relevel impact turbine pneumatic motor. It included two aspects of mechanical structure and pneumatic control. To achieve the purpose of protecting the engine, the impact and repeated impact of the engine flywheel gear ring and the motor pinion gear were solved by the mechanical structure. The pneumatic motor control air path was immediately cut off when the engine starting speed was under 300 r/min so that the pneumatic motor pinion gear and the engine flywheel gear ring was separated. And the pneumatic starting system was also disabled when the engine worked. The structure of the protection and control device was introduced, the workflow was described in detail, the simulation of the protection system was carried out. By controlling the flow speed of the oneway throttle valve, the control of the 2 position 3 port pneumatic reversing valve was realized. At last its characteristics in practical application were briefly described. The protection device of the novel type of pneumatic motor provides reference for the development of similar products in the industry.